Welcome to the Telenegar Glossary. This reference guide defines essential terminology across networking protocols, domain name resolution, email security standards, web encryption, and diagnostic tools referenced throughout the Telenegar documentation platform.

A core DNS record mapping a domain or hostname to a 32-bit IPv4 address (e.g., `telenegar.ir` $\rightarrow$ `185.x.x.x`).

A DNS record mapping a domain or hostname to a 128-bit IPv6 address.

A unique globally identified number assigned to an Autonomous System (AS) by regional Internet registries (RIRs) to control BGP routing parameters.

The standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet.

An email specification allowing domain owners to display brand logos next to authenticated email messages in supporting inbox clients (requires SPF, DKIM, and DMARC enforcement).

A method for allocating IP addresses and IP routing efficiency using variable-length subnet masking notation (e.g., `/24`, `/16`). Calculate custom subnets using the Subnet Calculator Tool.

A DNS record used to alias one domain name to another canonical domain name.

An HTTP security header enabling administrators to declare approved dynamic resources browsers are allowed to load.

An email authentication method using cryptographic public-key signatures attached to message headers to detect spoofing and tampering. Learn more at DKIM Guidance.

An email validation protocol built on top of SPF and DKIM that allows domain owners to specify how receiver systems handle failed authentications (`p=none`, `p=quarantine`, or `p=reject`). Learn more at DMARC Guidance.

The hierarchical decentralized naming system used to translate human-readable hostnames into IP addresses. Learn more at DNS Explained or run diagnostic checks using the DNS Check Tool.

A suite of extensions adding cryptographic signatures to existing DNS records to prevent spoofing and cache poisoning.

A web security policy header enforcing secure HTTPS connections between browsers and servers. Learn more at HTTP Security Headers.

The application protocol used for transmitting web hypermedia documents across the Web. HTTPS utilizes TLS/SSL encryption. Run site checks via the Site Check Tool.

A network layer protocol used by diagnostic utilities such as Ping Check and Traceroute to communicate operational errors and ping latency metrics.

An application layer protocol used by email clients to retrieve messages from a mail server over ports `143` (unencrypted/STARTTLS) and `993` (SSL/TLS). Audit ports with the Port Check Tool.

A security standard enabling mail servers to enforce TLS encryption and certificate validation for incoming SMTP connections. Learn more at MTA-STS Configuration.

A DNS resource record specifying the mail server responsible for accepting incoming email messages on behalf of a domain. Validate email delivery path settings using the Mail Check Tool.

A DNS record mapping an IP address back to its canonical domain name (Reverse DNS). Learn more at Reverse DNS (PTR).

The internet standard communication protocol used to transmit outgoing email across networks over standard ports (`25`, `465`, `587`).

An email authentication mechanism specifying which mail servers/IP addresses are authorized to send email on behalf of a domain via DNS TXT records. Learn more at SPF Records.

Cryptographic protocols designed to provide end-to-end communications security over a computer network.

A numerical value in DNS records or IP packet headers defining the duration (in seconds or hop counts) before data expires or is discarded.

A reporting standard companion to MTA-STS allowing domain owners to receive automated reports regarding delivery failures or TLS handshake issues.

A metric indicating the total percentage of time a site or server remains functional and accessible. Automate monitoring via the Uptime Monitoring Tool.

• Telenegar Knowledge Base Home — Return to the main index page.
• HTTP Security Headers — Audit web security policies and headers.
• Email Authentication Overview — Comprehensive guides to SPF, DKIM, and DMARC.