====== Telenegar Technical Glossary ====== Welcome to the **Telenegar Glossary**. This reference guide defines essential terminology across networking protocols, domain name resolution, email security standards, web encryption, and diagnostic tools referenced throughout the Telenegar documentation platform. ---- ===== A ===== ==== A Record (Address Record) ==== A core [[networking:dns:dns|DNS]] record mapping a domain or hostname to a 32-bit IPv4 address (e.g., ''telenegar.ir'' -> ''185.x.x.x''). ==== AAAA Record (IPv6 Address Record) ==== A [[networking:dns:dns|DNS]] record mapping a domain or hostname to a 128-bit IPv6 address. ==== ASN (Autonomous System Number) ==== A unique globally identified number assigned to an Autonomous System (AS) by regional Internet registries (RIRs) to control BGP routing parameters. ---- ===== B ===== ==== BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) ==== The standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. ==== BIMI (Brand Indicators for Message Identification) ==== An email specification allowing domain owners to display brand logos next to authenticated email messages in supporting inbox clients (requires [[email:dns-configuration:spf|SPF]], [[email:dns-configuration:dkim|DKIM]], and [[email:dns-configuration:dmarc|DMARC]] enforcement). ---- ===== C ===== ==== CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) ==== A method for allocating IP addresses and IP routing efficiency using variable-length subnet masking notation (e.g., `/24`, `/16`). Learn more at [[networking:internet:cidr-notation|CIDR Notation]] or calculate subnets using the [[tools:subnetcalc|Subnet Calculator Tool]]. ==== CNAME Record (Canonical Name Record) ==== A [[networking:dns:dns|DNS]] record used to alias one domain name to another canonical domain name. ==== CSP (Content Security Policy) ==== An HTTP security header enabling administrators to declare approved dynamic resources browsers are allowed to load. ---- ===== D ===== ==== DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) ==== An email authentication method using cryptographic public-key signatures attached to message headers to detect spoofing and tampering. Learn more at [[email:dns-configuration:dkim|DKIM Guidance]]. ==== DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance) ==== An email validation protocol built on top of [[email:dns-configuration:spf|SPF]] and [[email:dns-configuration:dkim|DKIM]] that allows domain owners to specify how receiver systems handle failed authentications (`p=none`, `p=quarantine`, or `p=reject`). Learn more at [[email:dns-configuration:dmarc|DMARC Guidance]]. ==== DNS (Domain Name System) ==== The hierarchical decentralized naming system used to translate human-readable hostnames into IP addresses. Learn more at [[networking:dns:dns|DNS Explained]] or run diagnostic checks using the [[tools:dnscheck|DNS Check Tool]]. ==== DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions) ==== A suite of extensions adding cryptographic signatures to existing DNS records to prevent spoofing and cache poisoning. Learn more at [[networking:dns:dnssec|DNSSEC Guidance]]. ---- ===== H ===== ==== HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) ==== A web security policy header enforcing secure HTTPS connections between browsers and servers. Learn more at [[security:security-headers|HTTP Security Headers]]. ==== HTTP / HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol / Secure) ==== The application protocol used for transmitting web hypermedia documents across the Web. HTTPS utilizes [[networking:protocols:ssl-tls|TLS/SSL]] encryption. Run site checks via the [[tools:sitecheck|Site Check Tool]]. ---- ===== I ===== ==== ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) ==== A network layer protocol used by diagnostic utilities such as [[tools:pingcheck|Ping Check]] and [[tools:traceroute|Trace Route]] to communicate operational errors and ping latency metrics. Learn more at [[networking:protocols:icmp|ICMP]]. ==== IMAP / IMAPS (Internet Message Access Protocol) ==== An application layer protocol used by email clients to retrieve messages from a mail server over ports `143` (unencrypted/STARTTLS) and `993` (SSL/TLS). Audit ports with the [[tools:portcheck|Port Check Tool]] or read [[email:protocols:imap|IMAP Protocol]]. ---- ===== M ===== ==== MTA-STS (Mail Transfer Agent Strict Transport Security) ==== A security standard enabling mail servers to enforce TLS encryption and certificate validation for incoming SMTP connections. Learn more at [[email:dns-configuration:mta-sts|MTA-STS Configuration]]. ==== MX Record (Mail Exchange Record) ==== A [[networking:dns:dns|DNS]] resource record specifying the mail server responsible for accepting incoming email messages on behalf of a domain. Validate email settings using the [[tools:mailcheck|Mail Check Tool]] or learn more at [[email:dns-configuration:mx-records|MX Records]]. ---- ===== P ===== ==== Probe ==== A distributed monitoring node deployed at various network vantage points (e.g., domestic ISPs or international datacenters) by the **Telenegar** platform. Probes continuously execute remote latency, BGP routing, DNS resolution, and availability checks from multiple locations back to target infrastructure, providing real-time network diagnostic data across the Telenegar suite. ==== PTR Record (Pointer Record) ==== A DNS record mapping an IP address back to its canonical domain name (Reverse DNS). Learn more at [[email:troubleshooting:reverse-dns|Reverse DNS for Email]] or [[networking:dns:reverse-dns|Reverse DNS (PTR)]]. ---- ===== S ===== ==== SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) ==== The internet standard communication protocol used to transmit outgoing email across networks over standard ports (`25`, `465`, `587`). Learn more at [[email:protocols:smtp|SMTP Protocol]]. ==== SPF (Sender Policy Framework) ==== An email authentication mechanism specifying which mail servers/IP addresses are authorized to send email on behalf of a domain via DNS TXT records. Learn more at [[email:dns-configuration:spf|SPF Guidance]]. ==== SSL / TLS (Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security) ==== Cryptographic protocols designed to provide end-to-end communications security over a computer network. Learn more at [[networking:protocols:ssl-tls|SSL/TLS]]. ---- ===== T ===== ==== Telenegar ==== A comprehensive network diagnostic and monitoring platform designed for IT administrators and network engineers in Iran. **Telenegar** provides real-time visibility into infrastructure health, domain security, DNS configurations, and email deliverability through automated auditing utilities and a distributed network of diagnostic probes. ==== TTL (Time To Live) ==== A numerical value in DNS records or IP packet headers defining the duration (in seconds or hop counts) before data expires or is discarded. Learn more at [[networking:dns:ttl|TTL Guidance]]. ==== TLS-RPT (TLS Reporting) ==== A reporting standard companion to [[email:dns-configuration:mta-sts|MTA-STS]] allowing domain owners to receive automated reports regarding delivery failures or TLS handshake issues. Learn more at [[email:dns-configuration:tls-rpt|TLS-RPT]]. ---- ===== U ===== ==== Uptime ==== A metric indicating the total percentage of time a site or server remains functional and accessible. Automate monitoring via the [[tools:uptime|Uptime Monitoring Tool]]. ---- ===== Related Documentation & Navigation ===== * [[start|Knowledge Base Home]] — Return to the main index page. * [[security:security-headers|HTTP Security Headers]] — Audit web security policies and headers. * [[email:dns-configuration:spf|Email Authentication Overview]] — Comprehensive guides to SPF, DKIM, and DMARC. * [[faq|Frequently Asked Questions]] — Common questions and troubleshooting steps.